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Ibrahim Z. Bahreldin, Associate Professor of Urban & Environmental Design, University of Khartoum

Khartoum before the war: the public spaces that held the city together

What makes a public space truly public?

In Khartoum, before the current conflict engulfed Sudan, the answer was not always a park, a plaza or a promenade.

The city’s streets, tea stalls (sitat al-shai), protest sites and even burial spaces served as dynamic arenas of everyday life, political expression and informal resilience.

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