New coal and gas projects could inhibit the government's proposed changes to a safeguard mechanism designed to lower carbon emissions.
The Greens say they might not back the government's proposed changes and the party could use its balance of power in the Senate to derail them if new fossil fuel projects are ticked off.
Climate-focused independent MP Zali Steggall said she would support a version of the safeguard mechanism but was pushing for tighter emissions caps than Labor had so far proposed.
"I support it, but it's got a few loopholes that could be closed," Ms Steggall said.
Ms Steggall told AAP the government was still "playing nice" with industry as it worked through proposals for the updated mechanism.
"They don't want a fight on their hands just yet," she said.
Greens Leader Adam Bandt will use a speech to a Smart Energy Council summit in Sydney on Monday to accuse Labor of being "wedded to new coal and gas".
"Every single new gas project championed by Scott Morrison is now backed by Anthony Albanese," he will say.
"Saying and legislating net zero by 2050 is one thing, but doing it requires staring down coal and gas companies and telling them their expansion plans are incompatible with life on our planet."
Mr Bandt wants legislation to phase out coal and gas production.
He said changes to the safeguard mechanism, which put a ceiling on emissions for some large companies, would still lead to an increase in gas pollution.
"All the big corporations have to do is buy a few tree-planting permits," he will say.
"We are open to negotiating in good faith with the government about the safeguard to ensure we get real cuts to pollution and not just hot air.
"However, Labor's plans for new coal and gas mines will be the biggest sticking point."
Ms Steggall said new fossil fuel projects ran the risk of undoing emissions reductions made under the safeguard mechanism and suggested new entrants should have to fall under existing caps for their sector.
The comments come as green energy backers draw up a road map for Australia to become a global leader in zero-emissions trade and investment.
Smart Energy Council chief executive John Grimes said Australia needed to keep up with massive clean energy manufacturing stimulus packages announced in the United States, Japan, the European Union and the United Kingdom.
"The key challenge is how we best leverage our unrivalled, world-scale, low-cost renewable energy resources," he said.
Australia is the world's largest exporter of iron ore and lithium, and a world leader in cobalt, nickel and copper.
Offshore wind farms, batteries and recycling could become strong industries in the new energy sector.
The Climate Capital Forum report will be released at the Smart Energy Council event.
