With an import bill of nearly $1 tn - about a quarter of its GDP - India remains deeply dependent on external supply chains for its most fundamental needs. Aatmanirbharta will depend not just on reducing imports but also on fundamentally reshaping our growth model. Going green may be a powerful lever to do so.
Nearly 85% of India's crude oil requirement is met through imports. Natural gas imports, particularly LNG, have grown to almost 50%. Even in coal, where India has abundant reserves, imports remain substantial for high-grade coking coal required in steel production.
