In 2013, Beyoncé released an entire album without warning; three days later, it had sold more than 828,000 copies and changed the way the music industry approached album releases. Her self-titled fifth studio album, Beyoncé, appeared exclusively on the iTunes Store at midnight on December 13, 2013. There was no months-long campaign before its arrival. There were no traditional radio promotions and no retail leaks. The release became a case study in music marketing and business. A Harvard Business School study later examined how Beyoncé and her team at Parkwood planned the album. The study also described her working style and approach to collaboration.
