In 1712, an English inventor and ironmonger invented the first atmospheric engine at a time when mines faced a problem with water. Thomas Newcomen developed a practical steam engine that could pump water from deep coal and tin mines. He worked with John Calley, a plumber and glazier, during years of experiments. The engine used steam, a piston, a cylinder, atmospheric pressure and cold water. Its purpose was not to power factories at first. It was built to remove mine water. The machine allowed miners to continue working in deeper shafts and helped establish the use of steam power in industry.
