Humza Yousaf has called on Alister Jack to resign as an MP if he is handed a peerage by Boris Johnson.
The SNP leadership hopeful claimed the Scottish Secretary had "failed to stand up in the best interests of the local community" and a by-election should be called.
Jack is among 20 prominent Tories set to handed places in the House of Lords by the former Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who quit Downing Street last year.
Johnson is allowed to put names forward for awards as part of his resignation honours list.
Jack was appointed Secretary of State for Scotland by Johnson in 2019 and was a dogged supporter of him throughout the Partygate scandal that eventually forced his resignation.
He kept his Cabinet job during the short Liz Truss administration and was reappointed by Rishi Sunak when he became PM.
Yousaf said that Jack should stand down and let his constituents choose a new MP.
He said: “This is the rotten workings of Westminster cronyism on show for all to see.
"Tonight I’ll be speaking to many of Alister Jack’s constituents in Dumfries who have been completely let down by a Tory Brexit that they did not vote for.
"Jack has failed to stand up in the best interests of the local community and has instead chosen to devote his time in politics to act as Boris Johnson’s cheerleader in Scotland and attack our democracy, and our Parliament, at every opportunity.
"Let me be clear, I will not lie down and let the Tories tear apart devolution. I will fight the Section 35 Order imposed on Holyrood by Westminster, and as the next SNP Leader, I will use the next UK election as an opportunity to repeal this Act.
"The people of Scotland have had enough of being told what to do by sleazy Westminster government’s they didn’t vote for.
"If Alister Jack wants to pop off to the unelected House of Lords, thanks to a favour from his chum Boris Johnson, he should stand down now, call a by-election and let the voters of Dumfries and Galloway elect a local SNP MP who will actually stand up in the interests of the community they serve.”
The Times reported that Jack is one of four Tory MPs who will be elevated to the Lords by Johnson's resignation honours list.
Nadine Dorries, the controversial former culture secretary, Nigel Adams, a former minister, and Alok Sharma, the outgoing COP26 president, will also become peers.
All four have agreed not to take their places in the Lords until the next election, but the government has suggested that it could block their appointments.
Kirsty Blackman, the SNP's Cabinet Office spokeswoman, also called for Jack to resign is Commons seat.
The Aberdeen MP said: "If Alister Jack is so desperate to scamper off to a lifetime seat in the Lords he should resign immediately, and force a by-election to give the people of Dumfries and Galloway the chance to elect an MP who respects democracy and opposes the undemocratic House of Lords.
"Baron Jack will be kept company in the Lords by other election dodgers and democracy deniers – he’ll have a good time raking in upwards of £300 a day at the taxpayers’ expense.
"Though it makes sense to place him in the Lords, given that as Scotland secretary he has experience of being part of an archaic institution not needed or fit for purpose in the 21st century.
"The people of Scotland are seeing their democracy denied and cost of living soaring because of folk like Jack and his corrupt Tory party – we should be free of them and the undemocratic House of Lords with the full powers of independence.”
A spokesperson for Jack refused to comment.
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