Get all your news in one place.
100's of premium titles.
One app.
Start reading
The Conversation
The Conversation
Environment
Sandy Hetherington, Plant Evolutionary Biologist, The University of Edinburgh

How soils changed life on Earth

Earth Mars

For the first 4 billion years of Earth’s existence, its continents were dusty, barren and rocky landscapes similar to the surface of Mars. But, around 500 million years ago, this all changed.

Sign up to read this article
Read news from 100's of titles, curated specifically for you.
Already a member? Sign in here
Related Stories
Top stories on inkl right now
One subscription that gives you access to news from hundreds of sites
Already a member? Sign in here
Our Picks
Ancestors all around – millions of dead people linger in Americans’ memories
Halloween kicks off a series of religious and cultural festivals to honor the dead, including All Saints’ Day, All Souls’ Day and the Day of the Dead. But deceased loved ones don’t disappear from people’s social worlds once the ghost and skeleton decorations come down.
The Conversation
The Conversation
“Like We’re Peasants”: Jenna Ortega Enrages Her Fans After Revealing How She Feels About Interacting With Them
Jenna Ortega has angered some fans after opening up about the pressure of meeting them and explaining why she doesn't always feel comfortable stopping for photos.
Bored Panda
Bored Panda
Raw vs fresh: Is this brand's 'Michelin Dog Star' food worth the hype?
Billed as the nation’s top-rated dog food, here’s why your pet might be better off eating human-grade ingredients
Evening Standard
Evening Standard
McDonald’s confirms return of beloved menu item — here’s what to know
Menu item will be available in certain states starting October 27
The Independent UK
The Independent UK
'I Want To Mind My Business': A$AP Rocky Jokes 'It Was Hell' at Home After Teasing Rihanna's Music
A$AP Rocky joked that life at home was "hell" after revealing Rihanna was recording music, but declined to explain what consequences followed his August disclosure.
International Business Times UK
International Business Times UK
Cardi B Criticises Listeners for Expecting Her To Mention Nicki Minaj as a Female Rap Influence
Cardi B addresses criticism for omitting Nicki Minaj from her list of rap influences, explaining how childhood favourites shaped her musical identity.
International Business Times UK
International Business Times UK
Fourteen days free
Download the app
One app. One membership.
100+ trusted global sources.
Download on the AppStore Get it on Google Play