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Suzan Ilcan, Professor & University Research Chair, Sociology and Legal Studies, University of Waterloo

How displaced Syrians effectively navigated 'border frictions' in Lebanon and Turkey

A Syrian refugee boy jumps from a swing as he plays under cloudy skies at the public beach of Ramlet al Bayda in Beirut, Lebanon, in 2015. (AP Photo/Hassan Ammar)

The Syrian conflict began in early March 2011 on the heels of the Arab Spring as pro-democracy uprisings in Syria demanded regime change and political reform.

The conflict transformed into a war. More than 13 million people have either escaped the country or are displaced within its borders.

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