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The Guardian - AU
The Guardian - AU
World
Raphael Rashid in Seoul

How a simple consumer data breach spiralled into a national security crisis in US-South Korea relations

A delivery truck of South Korean e-commerce giant Coupang in Seoul.
A delivery truck of South Korean e-commerce giant Coupang in Seoul. Coupang spent over $3m lobbying the US government in 2025, bringing its total spending since 2021 to more than $11m, according to non-profit OpenSecrets. Photograph: Anthony Wallace/AFP/Getty Images

When South Korea’s biggest online retailer revealed last year that a data breach had compromised tens of millions of customer accounts, it appeared to be a corporate crisis. But five months later the issue has grown into a diplomatic storm, threatening to further degrade relations between Seoul and the Trump administration.

Coupang, often described as South Korea’s answer to Amazon, is a US-incorporated company whose business is overwhelmingly based in South Korea. Headquartered in Seattle and listed on the New York Stock Exchange, it is run by Korean-American billionaire Bom Kim. In November last year the company disclosed that a former employee had stolen an internal security key, enabling unauthorised access to data from 33.7 million users.

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