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Irene Gammel, Professor & Director, Modern Literature and Culture Research Centre and Gallery, Toronto Metropolitan University

How a forgotten Toronto story shows Hemingway beginning to invent himself as a fiction writer

Ernest Hemingway and Robert McAlmon, another American writer, in Spain in 1923. During his four years with the _Toronto Star_, Hemingway produced nearly 200 pieces, 170 under his own name plus around 30 with verified pseudonym bylines. (Ernest Hemingway Collection/John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum/Wikimedia)

In January 1924, two young women on a Toronto Queen St. streetcar caught sight of Ernest Hemingway’s battered green hat.

They giggled among themselves that he might be Red Ryan, the city’s fugitive bank robber.

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