A common concern about EVs is the fate of their battery packs once their operational lives conclude. While a landfill may be the first idea brought to mind, several companies are currently working to tackle the problem of EV and lithium-ion battery recycling. One of the most prominent is a firm called Li-Cycle, founded in 2016.
Like all lithium-ion batteries, a battery in an early Nissan Leaf or an old iPhone will be encroaching on the end of its service life. Eventually, the time will come when these batteries have degraded significantly or had a fault, requiring a replacement.