Air pollution has become a significant health concern worldwide, especially regarding its impact on respiratory health. The link between air pollution and respiratory diseases is evident through various pollutants present in the air, including particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These pollutants can significantly affect the respiratory system in several ways.
Particulate matter, consisting of tiny particles suspended in the air, is a major component of air pollution. PM can penetrate deep into the lungs, causing irritation, inflammation, and damage to lung tissues. Ultrafine particles, in particular, can reach the smallest airways and enter the bloodstream, leading to systemic inflammation and contributing to respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and even lung cancer.
