Hepatitis C affects more than 150 million people across the world but many are unaware they have the highly infectious virus.
The blood-borne virus is curable but has previously been dubbed a 'silent killer' as it can go unnoticed for decades with no symptoms appearing until damage has been done. The illness can cause live disease, resulting in warning signs such as fatigue and difficulty concentrating. Hepatitis C is also linked to cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, musculoskeletal pain as well as mental health issues.
Around 118,000 people across the UK suffered with chronic hepatitis C in 2019, according to health figures, with the illness potentially becoming a life long health issue if left untreated.
However, with modern treatments, Hep C is usually curable with most previously infected individuals going on to enjoy a normal life expectancy. Effective antiviral drugs cure more than 95 per cent of cases with minimal side effects, meaning it is hoped the virus can be eliminated.
The virus is spread from person to person through the blood of an infected individual, the Mirror reports.
What are the symptoms of hepatitis C?
Many are infected with hepatitis C without realising as there are usually no noticeable symptoms until the liver becomes damaged by the infection.
And when warning signs do appear, they are often mistaken for other health conditions.
According to the NHS, symptoms can include:
- Flu-like symptoms, such as muscle aches and a high temperature (fever)
Loss of appetite
- Feeling tired all the time
- Stomach ache
- Feeling and being sick
Looking out for the symptoms listed above is a good marker. However, the only way to know if you have hep C for sure is to get tested. If you are concerned you should speak to your GP or local sexual health clinic.
How do you get hepatitis C?
The virus is usually spread through blood-to-blood contact with an infected person.
Hepatitis C is often a short-term illness. However, some acute infections lead to chronic infection, says the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The virus can be spread by doing things such as:
- Sharing unsterilised needles – especially needles used to inject recreational drugs
- Sharing toothbrushes or razors
- From a pregnant woman to her unborn baby
- Through unprotected sex – though this is very rare
Across the UK, the infection most often occurs in people who inject drugs or have previously injected drugs. According to national figures, around half of those who use intravenous drugs have had the virus , reports The Lancet.
How to test for hepatitis C and how is the virus treated?
There is a simple, free test you can complete at home if you are concerned.
All that is required is a finger prick to take some blood, with the sample then sent to get tested.
The virus can be treated with a course of tablets available through the NHS, with most people cured from the infection after taking medication for eight to 12 weeks.
Modern treatments usually have minimal side effects.
You can get more information on the NHS Inform website here.
Don't miss the latest news from around Scotland and beyond - Sign up to our newsletter here.
