From jobseeker to vaping: which of Labor’s budget measures are likely to pass parliament?

Numerous federal budget measures, such as increasing jobseeker and rent assistance payments, as well as creating a national net-zero authority, will require legislation. Photograph: Mike Bowers/The Guardian

The excitement – and media blitz – of federal budget week has subsided, Now the real work begins: implementing the policies that the treasurer, Jim Chalmers, has unveiled.

Some of the government’s major changes, such as increased bulk-billing incentives for GPs, do not require legislation. The commonwealth’s portion of the energy bill relief plan already passed parliament last year and hinged on negotiations with state governments to deliver their half.