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The Guardian - UK
The Guardian - UK
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Philippe Sands

From Gaza to Ukraine, what would the pioneers of human rights think of our world today?

A resident of Donetsk, Ukraine, surveys the damage to her flat after Russian shelling, 12 December 2023.
‘How would those who developed the idea of human rights feel about the civilians killed in Ukraine?’ A resident of Donetsk, Ukraine, surveys the damage to her flat after Russian shelling, 12 December 2023. Photograph: AFP/Getty Images

During the week when we mark 75 years of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the 1948 convention on the prevention and punishment of genocide, I have been thinking about the genesis of both events and how we should commemorate them now.

Adopted within 24 hours of each other in Paris in December 1948, the universal declaration seeks to protect individuals, while the convention seeks to protect groups. That moment in Paris was revolutionary: a recognition that the rights of the state are not unlimited, that the days of being allowed as a matter of law to trample over human lives were over.

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