A more precise cervical cancer test which detects cell changes that could require treatment has been developed by scientists - and could play a role in detecting other forms of the disease in women. Academics have said that such advancements "offer real potential" for increased cancer prevention in the future.
Described as more accurate, the test could eventually serve as a means to indicate breast, womb and ovarian cancer as well as cervical - as it can also pick up DNA markers for some other cancers. In testing for cervical cancer to detect advanced cell changes which require treatment, the test performed better than other methods currently available.
For those without cell changes, but who had human papillomavirus (HPV) which causes most cases of cervical cancer, it detected 55 per cent of people who would have cell changes in the next four years.
For the study, experts looked at DNA methylation, which acts as an extra layer of information on top of DNA. DNA contains all the genes people inherit from both their parents, while DNA methylation tells cells which bits of DNA to read. Factors such as smoking, pollution, poor diet and being overweight can alter these markers and change how the cell behaves.
By looking closely at DNA methylation, scientists think they can detect cancer and possibly predict the risk someone has of developing cancer in the future. Previous studies on the new test using cervical samples have suggested accuracy in predicting women with breast or ovarian cancer.
The new study, published in the journal Genome Medicine, included 1,254 cervical screening samples from women with cell changes ranging from lower to high risk, women with HPV but no cervical cell changes, and samples from women without any cervical cell changes who went on to develop high-risk cell changes within four years.
Professor Martin Widschwendter, from University College London’s department of women’s cancer, said: “Vaccination against the virus that causes cervical cancer is now widely implemented and is leading to changes in the amount and types of the virus circulating in the community.
“In turn, our approaches to cervical screening must adapt so that programmes continue to deliver benefit. Importantly, our other work has shown how testing the same cervical sample can also deliver information on a woman’s risk of three other major cancers – breast, ovarian and womb cancers.
“Building new, holistic, risk-predictive screening programmes around existing, effective cervical sample collection offers real potential for cancer prevention in the future.”
Athena Lamnisos, chief executive of the Eve Appeal charity, said: “It’s so welcome to see screening tools and predictive tests becoming more effective. We want to prevent cancer – and we know with cervical cancer that we can intervene at an early stage. This new method is more specific and doesn’t lead to over-treatment which is good news for cervical cancer prevention and great news for everyone who needs to be screened.”
There are around 3,200 new cases of cervical cancer each year in the UK and around 850 deaths. Around half of women with the disease survive for 10 years or more.
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