France is mourning the loss of Lionel Jospin, the former prime minister credited with introducing the nation's 35-hour working week, who has died at the age of 88. Mr Jospin, who famously stepped away from politics after his tenure, passed away on Sunday, his family confirmed to Agence France-Presse.
Sebastien Lecornu, the current prime minister, paid tribute on X, stating that Mr Jospin "served France with constancy, rigour and a sense of responsibility". Mr Lecornu added that "his actions, guided by a certain vision of social progress and republican values, leave a lasting mark and a model of commitment".
Before his unexpected ascent to lead the Socialist Party in 1981, appointed by then-newly elected President Francois Mitterrand, Mr Jospin was an economics professor. His distinctive appearance, marked by a tousle of white curls and thick-rimmed glasses, often reflected his academic background.
Untarnished by allegations of corruption, Mr Jospin re-established credibility for the Socialists after bribery and fraud scandals led to their downfall in the 1993 parliamentary elections.
He became prime minister in 1997, holding the post until 2002, leading a broad left-wing government under French conservative President Jacques Chirac in a power-sharing arrangement dubbed "cohabitation".
As prime minister, Mr Jospin resisted shifting the French left toward free-market reforms embraced at the same time in Britain.
He enacted France's parity law, required political parties to field the same number of male and female candidates in national elections, installed civil unions for LGBTQ+ and straight couples and lowered the work week from 39 hours to 35 hours, hailed as a social breakthrough by supporters but criticised by opponents as a shackle for the economy.
Mr Jospin never embraced his role as a public figure, hampered by a restrained personality that grew even stiffer in front of cameras.
He abandoned politics after his shocking loss to far-right leader Jean-Marie Le Pen in the first round of presidential voting in 2002.
The polarising Mr Le Pen qualified for the second-round run-off against Mr Chirac, the incumbent and first-round winner, by a whisker, relegating Mr Jospin to third place.
Mr Le Pen and Mr Jospin both got more than 16% of the vote but Mr Le Pen's nearly 200,000 vote-advantage over Mr Jospin saw him advance to round two, in a triumph for the anti-immigration founder of the far-right National Front and a body blow for Mr Le Pen's opponents.
Determined to keep Mr Le Pen out of the presidential Elysee Palace, voters rallied around Mr Chirac in the run-off, who won a second term by a landslide.
Mr Jospin was born July 12, 1937, the son of a midwife who, according to family lore, used the works of Voltaire to raise her pelvis while she was in labour.
"She believed I would have the spirit of Voltaire," he said.
Mr Jospin said his childhood memories of Nazi-occupied Paris tinged his outlook into adulthood.
"I have the memory of the importance of silence. If you weren't quiet, you ran the risk of putting people in danger. Certainly in political life I've retained a certain horror of talkativeness," he said.
He grew up in a Protestant family and attended the prestigious Ecole d'Administration Nationale, alma mater to a disproportionate share of French leaders and intellectuals.
Like many people in Paris and beyond, he got caught up in the left-wing protests of 1968. He was close to Trotskyists before joining the Socialist Party.
Despite mellowing over time, Mr Jospin never lost his wariness of the free market, keeping his trademark phrase: "Yes to the market economy, no to a market society."
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