We are witnessing an increasing number of cases of type 2 diabetes in children, particularly among adolescents aged 12-18 years. Although type 2 diabetes has traditionally been more prevalent in older adults, there has been a concerning rise in its occurrence among children and adolescents in recent years. According to the WHO, an estimated 77 million people above the age of 18 years are suffering from diabetes (type 2) and nearly 25 million are prediabetics (at a higher risk of developing diabetes in near future) in India. This is primarily due to the growing prevalence of obesity among children and young adults.
Dr. Sajili Mehta, Senior Consultant- Pediatric Endocrinology, Surya Mother and Child Super Speciality Hospital Pune says, “Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that is characterized by insulin resistance. In such a situation, the cells in the body do not respond properly to the insulin produced by the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells for energy production.”
This rise in childhood obesity rates is largely driven by sedentary behaviour and poor dietary choices. However, genetic predisposition and ethnicity also contribute to the development of the condition. South Asians, in general, are more vulnerable to the disease.
According to Dr. Mehta, "The symptoms of type 2 diabetes can be subtle and may develop gradually over time. Some common symptoms include frequent urge to urinate, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, increased fatigue, recurring infections, and numbness or tingling in the hands or feet."
To prevent type 2 diabetes in children, it is imperative to encourage a healthy lifestyle – eating balanced meals, limiting sugary beverages and processed foods, and exercising regularly. Limiting screen time, and monitoring one’s physical health through a combination of healthy eating and physical activity are essential.
"Finally, it is important to create an environment that is supportive and models healthy choices, as children are more likely to embrace and sustain positive lifestyle habits when they see their loved ones adopt these practices themselves," advises Dr. Mehta.
