The MP Motorsport driver, who started in fourth, was boosted to third after Calan Williams failed to get off the grid for the formation lap due to an issue and his Trident-run car was pushed to the pitlane.
He swept past Jake Hughes (Van Amersfoort Racing) and ART Grand Prix's Theo Pourchaire before Turn 1 to take the lead, holding fast until the chequered flag to take the championship lead.
Both Drugovich and Iwasa had great starts, but the DAMS driver was forced to settle for second behind the Brazilian, who also won the feature race in Jeddah.
While Hughes and Pourchaire fell down the order, Carlin's Logan Sargeant slotted into third behind the leading pair, where he finished comfortably to take his first series podium.
Daruvala took fifth place from Pourchaire on the second lap, with Hitech's Juri Vips also passing Pourchaire for sixth.
The Estonian, who took part in his first Formula 1 practice session on Friday for Red Bull, tried to challenge fellow junior Daruvala, but the Indian driver held him off.
Seconds later, Vips ended up in the gravel at Turn 4, ending his race and prompting a safety car.
The safety car ended on lap 10, with Daruvala closing in on Hughes for fourth place before eventually taking the position around the outside into Turn 1 on lap 20.
The Briton dropped down the order and was passed by Pourchaire, Virtuosi Racing's Jack Doohan and Frederik Vesti (ART) before eventually retiring on the penultimate lap with an issue.
There was a brief yellow flag on lap 25 when MP Motorsport's Clement Novalak took a brief trip across the gravel, dropping him from 12th to 14th.
Pourchaire, who started in third, finished fifth, with Sunday's feature race polesitter Doohan in sixth and Vesti in seventh.
Enzo Fittipaldi took the final points-paying place for Charouz Racing System, having held off threats from Carlin's Liam Lawson and Marcus Armstrong (Hitech) into the last laps.
Race results:
| Cla | Driver | Team | Laps | Gap |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
 Felipe Drugovich |  MP Motorsport | 26 | |
| 2 | Ayumu Iwasa |  DAMS | 26 | 2.109 |
| 3 |
 Logan Sargeant |  Carlin | 26 | 4.165 |
| 4 |
 Jehan Daruvala |  Prema Powerteam | 26 | 8.493 |
| 5 |
Theo Pourchaire | ART Grand Prix | 26 | 9.251 |
| 6 |
 Jack Doohan | Virtuosi Racing | 26 | 10.481 |
| 7 |
 Frederik Vesti | ART Grand Prix | 26 | 16.430 |
| 8 |
Enzo Fittipaldi |  Charouz Racing System | 26 | 17.256 |
| 9 |
 Liam Lawson | Carlin | 26 | 17.705 |
| 10 |
Marcus Armstrong | HitechGP | 26 | 18.524 |
| 11 |
Richard Verschoor | Trident | 26 | 25.321 |
| 12 |
 Dennis Hauger | Prema Powerteam | 26 | 25.997 |
| 13 |
Olli Caldwell |  Campos Racing | 26 | 26.476 |
| 14 |
 Clement Novalak | MP Motorsport | 26 | 29.315 |
| 15 |
 Roy Nissany | DAMS | 26 | 31.490 |
| 16 |
Calan Williams | Trident | 26 | 33.781 |
| 17 |
 Marino Sato | Virtuosi Racing | 26 | 37.436 |
| 18 |
 Cem Bolukbasi | Charouz Racing System | 26 | 53.281 |
| 19 | Amaury Cordeel | Van Amersfoort Racing | 26 | 1'05.926 |
| 20 |
Jake Hughes | Van Amersfoort Racing | 24 | 2 Laps |
 Jüri Vips | HitechGP | 5 | ||
| View full results | ||||
