F1 testing 2023 guide: What is it, when is it and can I watch it

Following last year's technical regulations overhaul, F1 undergoes minor changes to the new era of ground-effect cars launched last season.

The biggest tweak to last year has been the car floors raised by 15mm on safety grounds to combat the porpoising issue which dominated the 2022 season technical rules talking points.

Various other rules around the new regulations have been tightened up, while an ongoing focus will be Red Bull Racing's F1 cost cap breach penalty and how it manages with its $7 million fine and 10% cut in aerodynamic testing time.

F1 teams have taken a variety of approaches during the launches. From not revealing the new car and sticking to a livery-only launch like Red Bull, to a full car demonstration at Ferrari to even revealing two cars as Alpine did as the last of the teams to launch.

But the world will get its first proper showing of all the new cars at the sole 2023 pre-season test at Bahrain, held one week before the opening round at the same venue.

Charles Leclerc, Ferrari SF-23 (Photo by: Davide Cavazza)

When is F1's 2023 pre-season testing? 

• Bahrain F1 pre-season test: 23-25 February 2023 

Day 1: Thursday 23 February 7am-4:30pm GMT (10am-7.30pm local time)
Day 2: Friday 24 February 7am-4:30pm GMT (10am-7.30pm local time)
Day 3: Saturday 25 February 7am-4:30pm GMT (10am-7.30pm local time) 

F1 is holding just one pre-season test this year, having split two tests between Barcelona and Bahrain at the start of the new rules era, meaning each team has just three days of on-track action to get up to speed before the first round. 

Bahrain's selection as the pre-season test venue allows F1 teams to enjoy track action in representative hot, dry and sunny conditions while also keeping costs and environmental concerns in check by minimising travel and logistics challenges because the track also hosts the opening race one week later. 

Can I watch pre-season testing? 

F1 will broadcast the entire Bahrain test on Sky Sports F1 in the United Kingdom and Ireland, plus on F1 TV in territories where it is available. 

• Bahrain F1 test: 23-25 February 
• Channels: Sky Sports F1 (UK and Ireland only) 
• Start time: 6:50am GMT, each day 23-25 February 
• Channel numbers - Sky: 406 
• Channel numbers - Virgin Media: 506 

Motorsport.com will be running a live text commentary on the F1 pre-season test from Bahrain. 

Alex Albon, Williams FW45 (Photo by: Williams)

Who will drive at F1 pre-season testing? 

Team	Day 1 AM	Day 1 PM	Day 2 AM	Day 2 PM	Day 3 AM	Day 3 PM
Red Bull	Max Verstappen	Max Verstappen	Sergio Perez	Max Verstappen	Sergio Perez	Sergio Perez
Ferrari	Carlos Sainz	Charles Leclerc	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA
Mercedes	George Russell	Lewis Hamilton	Lewis Hamilton	George Russell	George Russell	Lewis Hamilton
Alpine	Pierre Gasly	Esteban Ocon	Esteban Ocon	Pierre Gasly	Pierre Gasly	Esteban Ocon
McLaren	Oscar Piastri	Lando Norris	Lando Norris	Oscar Piastri	Oscar Piastri	Lando Norris
Alfa Romeo	Zhou Guanyu	Valtteri Bottas	Zhou Guanyu	Zhou Guanyu	Valtteri Bottas	Valtteri Bottas
Aston Martin	Fernando Alonso	Felipe Drugovich	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA
Haas	Nico Hulkenberg	Kevin Magnussen	Kevin Magnussen	Nico Hulkenberg	Nico Hulkenberg	Kevin Magnussen
AlphaTauri	Yuki Tsunoda	Nyck de Vries	Yuki Tsunoda	Nyck de Vries	Nyck de Vries	Yuki Tsunoda
Williams	Alex Albon	Logan Sargeant	Logan Sargeant	Logan Sargeant	Alex Albon	Alex Albon

 

 Weather forecast for F1 pre-season test at Bahrain 

The Bahrain International Circuit is set for warm and sunny conditions throughout the test, with a very low chance of rain. Highs of 25 degrees Celsius are predicted on Friday, with similar conditions expected across all three days. 

What happens at testing? 

As the name indicates, F1 teams are able to test their cars on the permitted days of track action and run any number of set-ups, parts and programmes they wish. Pirelli provides an equal number of each tyre compound to every team, usually enough to allow all teams to complete as much running as it desires, while the number of laps is theoretically unlimited within the hours the track is open. 

While scrutineering by the FIA isn't strictly enforced as the tests aren't held under grand prix conditions, all normal safety requirements must be followed for running the cars on track as set out by the FIA regulations. F1 teams could, in theory, run a car that is safe but not legal but there would be minimal benefit in this as the teams wouldn't be able to use the car in the same specification or set-up in a race weekend. 

Outside of that, F1 teams are permitted to design their own test programmes, including run plans, tyre usage, fuel loads and which of its drivers test the car – including reserve or test drivers who will not compete in the upcoming season.  

Are the times realistic? 

As the cliche goes, it is only testing, so all lap times must be taken as a rough guide rather than the definitive pecking order for the F1 grid. This is because all teams prefer to hide their own full performance capability until the first qualifying and race of the season, in order to hold a potential surprise pace advantage. This is known as sandbagging. 

The lap times from testing are also obscured by a multitude of variables, including different fuel loads, different engine modes, different tyre compounds (some of which may not be permitted to use at the same track during its corresponding grand prix later that season) and tyre life, plus the variable weather and climate conditions. 

Equally, some teams may opt for a 'glory run' to top the times towards the end of a day or test to grab the headlines, effectively increasing performance in relative comparison to its rivals. 

Lewis Hamilton, Mercedes-AMG F1 W14 (Photo by: Mercedes AMG)

Are these the final cars for 2023? 

For most teams the answer will be no, but they will all be much closer to the final cars compared to 2022 pre-season testing. This is because of the largely stable regulations, meaning teams have had a year of learning with the rules, plus the short turnaround of one week between the pre-season test and the first round which will limit the changes possible. 

On the engine side, all power unit manufacturers are in a development freeze, meaning the specification of each power unit component will remain the same when they make their final choice at the first round. Manufacturers will be able to change specification as much as they like during testing as long as it follows the technical and safety regulations. 

What happens if someone crashes in testing? 

A driver that crashes in testing will experience the same situation as if they crashed in any other session but the consequences could be much more serious depending on the scale of the shunt. 

Teams will probably have fewer spare parts of the same specification while testing as they are being changed or upgraded frequently. If a driver crashes heavily and breaks a key part, the team will lose valuable testing time and more than likely have to totally revise its test programme. 

Pierre Gasly felt the full force of a costly pre-season testing crash in 2019 for Red Bull, when his high-speed off damaged multiple new parts key to the team's development programme. The crash also dented his confidence which would lead to a performance dip and his eventual relegation back to the sister Red Bull squad Toro Rosso (now called AlphaTauri). 

Max Verstappen set the pace in Bahrain testing last year (Photo by: Carl Bingham / Motorsport Images)

Previous F1 testing results vs winners 

Here's a look at the F1 pre-season testing results over the last 11 years followed by the equivalent pole position time at the same venue later that season. 

This can only be taken as a rough guide due to the various different tyres compounds, fuel loads and conditions each lap time would have been set on when you compare the fastest test lap time to pole position lap time. 

Last year was the first season since 2019 that the same team didn't top pre-season testing and take pole position at the same track during the season, as Red Bull's Max Verstappen led the final day of testing but lost out to Ferrari's Charles Leclerc both in qualifying and the race at the Bahrain GP.  

But it didn't end up being a sign for the season ahead, as Ferrari fell away due to reliability issues, strategy call errors and driver mistakes, while Red Bull out-developed and outperformed its rivals.  

Year	Circuit	Driver	Team	Fastest test lap time	Driver	Team	Pole position lap time
2022	Bahrain	Max Verstappen	Red Bull	1m31.720s	Charles Leclerc	Ferrari	1m30.558s
2021	Bahrain	Max Verstappen	Red Bull	1m28.960s	Max Verstappen	Red Bull	1m28.997s
2020	Barcelona	Valtteri Bottas	Mercedes	1m15.732s	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes	1m15.584s
2019	Barcelona	Sebastian Vettel	Ferrari	1m16.221s	Valtteri Bottas	Mercedes	1m15.406s
2018	Barcelona	Sebastian Vettel	Ferrari	1m17.182s	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes	1m16.173s
2017	Barcelona	Kimi Raikkonen	Ferrari	1m18.634s	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes	1m19.149s
2016	Barcelona	Kimi Raikkonen	Ferrari	1m22.765s	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes	1m22.000s
2015	Barcelona	Nico Rosberg	Mercedes	1m22.792s	Nico Rosberg	Mercedes	1m24.681s
2014	Bahrain	Felipe Massa	Williams	1m33.258s	Nico Rosberg	Mercedes	1m33.185s
2013	Barcelona	Nico Rosberg	Mercedes	1m20.130s	Nico Rosberg	Mercedes	1m20.718s
2012	Barcelona	Kimi Raikkonen	Lotus	1m22.030s	Pastor Maldonado	Williams	1m22.285s