This week, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator Lee Zeldin approved West Virginia's bid to regulate Class VI carbon dioxide (CO2) storage wells in the state. The United States is a global leader in energy production and emissions reduction. This announcement will allow it to continue its leadership in both.
Class VI injection wells were established in 2010 by the EPA to store carbon dioxide in deep rock formations more than a mile underground and well below the water table. The agency also regulates five other classes of underground injection wells that are not as deep (but still deep enough to protect public health) including those that store industrial waste, fluids from mining operations, and radioactive waste.
The emissions reduction potential from Class VI storage is potentially enormous; the Department of Energy estimates the country's geological storage capacity ranges from 2.2 trillion metric tons of CO2 to 21.2 trillion metric tons of CO2. For context, the U.S. emitted a little more than 4.8 billion metric tons of CO2 in 2023. Commercial-scale geological storage is also safe and has been around for nearly 30 years in other countries with a remarkable safety record.
