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The Conversation
James J Bell, Professor of Marine Biology, Te Herenga Waka — Victoria University of Wellington

Deeper ocean ecosystems are unique – and uniquely vulnerable without better protection

Author provided, CC BY-NC-ND

New Zealand’s earlier efforts to safeguard marine or coastal environments, particularly as marine reserves and marine protected areas, typically focused on shallow ecosystems, largely because that is where most data exists.

But following the passing of the Hauraki Gulf Marine Protection Act last year, it was good to see many deep rocky reefs among the 12 new high protection areas (HPAs).

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