Three death row inmates have sued the Japanese government, arguing hanging is a barbaric means of killing that should be abolished.
Japan is one of the few economically developed countries to still have the death penalty, and hanging has been its sole execution method for around a century and a half.
Lawyer Kyoji Mizutani said the trio, whose identities haven't been revealed, are pursuing an "injunction" against being killed by hanging.
They are also demanding compensation of 33 million yen (£198,000), he added, for the psychological distress caused since they were given the death sentence, all since 2000.
A legal victory would force a stunning shake-up of execution laws in Japan, where public support is high for capital punishment despite international criticism.
More than 100 people are on death row, including many serial killers.
Executions are usually implemented long after sentencing, with inmates held for years in solitary confinement and only told of their impending death a few hours beforehand.
When their time comes, blindfolded convicts are led to a spot with their feet bound and hands cuffed before a trapdoor opens below them.
The mechanism is triggered in an adjacent room where several officers each press a button simultaneously, with none told which one is “live”.
Two prisoners filed a separate lawsuit last year against the late-notice system, arguing that it causes psychological pain.
Mizutani called for more “open discussions” around the death penalty in Japan, which is often treated secretively.
In July, the nation executed a man convicted of killing seven people in a 2008 truck-ramming and stabbing rampage in Tokyo’s Akihabara electronics district.
Three other prisoners were hanged in December 2021 – the first executions after a two-year hiatus and the first ordered by Prime Minister Fumio Kishida ’s administration.
