Cop28 is the first time that a UN decision acknowledged the need for the decline of not only coal but also oil and gas, and called on all countries to work towards it. The fact that it was struck in the Gulf region, and presided over by an oil executive, might have increased the latitude for oil and gas but also sets an important marker.
The decision allows for a continued role for fossil fuels towards net zero, is vague in many ways and leaves plenty of wriggle room for any country. Nevertheless, it is important progress on an issue where huge economic interests clash.
