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Timothy E Shanahan, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Literacy, University of Illinois Chicago

Children learn to read with books that are just right for them – but that might not be the best approach

Children and an adult read books at the Altadena Main Library in Altadena, Calif., in March 2025. Hans Gutknecht/MediaNews Group/Los Angeles Daily News via Getty Images

After decades of stagnating reading performance, American literacy levels have begun to drop, according to the National Assessment of Educational Progress, a program of the Department of Education.

The average reading scores of 12th graders in 2024 were 3 points lower than they were in 2019. More kids are failing to even reach basic levels of reading that would allow them to successfully do their schoolwork, according to the assessment.

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