Europe began to wean itself from its dependence on Russia after the full invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which led to a spike in energy prices.
Sanctions have led to significant cuts in imports over three years: oil fell from 27% in 2022 to 3% in 2025, gas fell from 45% to 19% in the same period and coal, which at the time accounted for 50% of EU consumption, stopped entering the EU altogether.
