California officials have declared a state of emergency due to the spread of bird flu, which is affecting dairy cows and causing sporadic illnesses in people across the U.S. The virus, also known as Type A H5N1, has been circulating in wild birds, commercial poultry, and various mammal species for years.
The first detection of the virus in U.S. dairy cattle occurred in March, with confirmed cases in at least 866 herds across 16 states. Over 60 individuals in eight states have been infected, mostly experiencing mild symptoms. However, one severe case in Louisiana has been reported, marking the first known serious illness caused by the virus in the country.
Reason for State of Emergency
California Governor Gavin Newsom declared the state of emergency to enhance the state's ability to respond to the outbreak effectively. The virus has been found in approximately 650 herds in California, representing a significant portion of affected U.S. dairy herds.
Risk to the Public
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) emphasizes that the virus poses a low risk to the general public. There have been no instances of person-to-person transmission, and no evidence suggests that the virus has mutated to spread more easily among humans.
Severity of Cases
While most U.S. cases have been mild, a recent severe illness in Louisiana has raised concerns. The patient, exposed to sick birds in a backyard flock, is in critical condition. Experts warn that as more people are infected, the likelihood of severe illnesses may increase.
Protective Measures
Individuals in contact with dairy cows, poultry, or birds should take precautions such as using respiratory and eye protection, gloves, and avoiding handling sick animals. The CDC recommends flu shots for farmworkers to prevent dual infections and potential virus mutations.
Spread of Bird Flu
Besides direct contact with animals, the H5N1 virus can be transmitted through raw milk. Pasteurized milk is safe, as heat treatment kills the virus. However, high virus levels have been found in unpasteurized milk, leading to recalls in California. Health officials advise against consuming raw milk to prevent the spread of bird flu and other germs.
The U.S. Agriculture Department has increased testing of raw milk nationwide to detect and contain the outbreak. Testing has commenced in 13 states following a federal order issued this month.
