A white supremacist was lunged at in court before he was sentenced to life in prison without parole for killing 10 Black people in a mass shooting at a Buffalo supermarket.
Peyton Gendron, 19, cried during some of the testimony and apologised to the victims in a brief statement.
At some point, the court hearing was interrupted by a man in the audience who charged at Gendron.
However, the man was quickly restrained, and the hearing resumed after 10 minutes., with more emotional testimony from people who talked about losing loved ones in the attack.
Gendron's hatred was fuelled by racist conspiracy theories that he had encountered online.
He wore bullet-resistant armour and a helmet equipped with a live-streaming camera during the attack, which he carried out with a semi-automatic rifle he had legally purchased but then modified so that he could load it with illegal high-capacity ammunition magazines.
The judge imposed separate sentences of life without parole, one for each victim, to run concurrently, and denied Gendron youthful offender status, which would have given him a chance to re-enter society.
In November, Gendron pleaded guilty to crimes, including murder and domestic terrorism motivated by hate, which carried an automatic life sentence.
Several people spoke during the hearing, including family members of the victims and people wounded in the attack.
Some angrily condemned Gendron, while others quoted from the Bible or said they were praying for him.
Kimberly Salter, the widow of security guard Aaron Salter, explained that she and her family were wearing red for the blood that he shed for his family and for his community, and black because they were still grieving.
Gendron's victims included a church deacon, the grocery store's guard, a neighbourhood activist, a man shopping for a birthday cake, a grandmother of nine, and the mother of a former Buffalo fire commissioner.
His victims ranged in age from 32 to 86. Gendron's admission of guilt on the state charges is seen as a potential help in avoiding a death sentence in the penalty phase of any federal trial.
He also faces separate federal charges that could carry a death sentence if the US Justice Department chooses to seek it.
The mass shooting in Buffalo, along with another mass shooting in Texas, amplified calls for stronger gun controls, including from victims' relatives who travelled to Washington, D.C., to testify before lawmakers.
As a result, New York legislators quickly passed a law banning semi-automatic rifle sales to most people under the age of 21, and the state also banned sales of some types of body armour.
President Joe Biden signed a compromise gun violence bill in June intended to toughen background checks, keep firearms from more domestic violence offenders, and help states put in place red flag laws.
