SpaceX is coming to Boeing's rescue.
The legacy company needing aid from an upstart rival is hardly welcome news to the aerospace giant.
Because of problems with Boeing's Starliner spacecraft, two astronauts who rode on it to the International Space Station in June will finally return to Earth on a vessel built by Elon Musk's SpaceX.
NASA's announcement Saturday of that plan represents a blow -- even a humiliation -- for Boeing, a historic partner of the American space agency.
It couldn't come at a worse time for Boeing. The sterling reputation its airplanes have long enjoyed has been seriously eroded by a series of malfunctions and two fatal crashes in recent years.
"It's not a good time for Boeing," Erik Seedhouse, a professor at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, told AFP.
For Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams, the astronauts who flew to the ISS on Starliner, to have to return on a SpaceX craft is "very embarrassing," he added.
"It is an image problem," agreed Cai von Rumohr, an aeronautics analyst with TD Cowen, adding that it "could endanger future contracts with NASA."
But Boeing's status and mammoth size give it considerable capacity to bounce back.
"I don't think Boeing is going anywhere," said Glenn Lightsey, a professor at the Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering at Georgia Tech University.
Boeing has engendered cost overruns of some $1.6 billion in developing Starliner, hit by repeated delays in development and price hikes linked to supply chain problems.
But to put that in context, Boeing's Defense, Space & Security division had turnover of $24.93 billion in 2023 -- while the overall company had revenues of $77.79 billion.
"Yes, they can recover, because they're a juggernaut," said Seedhouse.
Despite repeated delays in the Starliner program, NASA has never suggested any weakening of the collaboration with Boeing since first placing orders for space "taxis" in 2014 from both Boeing and SpaceX.
The US space agency has repeatedly insisted its goal is to have two vehicles to ferry astronauts to and from the ISS, a sort of insurance plan in case one has problems.
What Boeing needs to do to regain confidence, Seedhouse said, is "to solve all these problems and have a successful re-flight sometime next year, probably, with another crew on board."
The company has insisted the two problems Starliner has encountered -- helium leaks and a defective propulsive system -- are fixable.
Such problems are not a "huge surprise," Lightsey said, adding that "it's still early development for Starliner."
The craft has undergone three orbital tests, two of them uncrewed.
"It's really only after maybe you get five missions under your belt" that "you know how everything is going to behave in space," he added.
"Even if it takes a couple more flights, I don't expect NASA to give up on them."
The comparison between the rival programs of Boeing and SpaceX is nonetheless embarrassing for the older and much larger firm.
Musk's company was widely seen as an outsider in 2014 and received $2.6 billion for the project, compared to Boeing's $4.2 billion.
Yet for the past four years it has been the sole means for astronauts to travel to and from the ISS.
SpaceX had one advantage from the start: its Dragon vessel has been resupplying the ISS since 2012.
But Boeing, for its part, has a long history with NASA, with decades of work on the US space program.
"They were involved with the Apollo program; they built some of the modules on the space station," Seedhouse said.
"So it's a surprise that, in such a short period... they've gone from being a company that's performed very well to a company that has been making mistakes, left, right and center."
He said there was no single reason for the serial setbacks, but that "problems with standards and quality control" at Boeing "apply both to the spacecraft side of things and also to the aircraft."
Because of its size, Seedhouse said, Boeing is intrinsically more bureaucratic than SpaceX, where decisions can be made quickly.
But the dynamic could change one day.
At some future point, Lightsey said, "SpaceX will need help, and Boeing will be able to return the favor.
"I assume it will all come full circle eventually."
