As a retiree, you might want, or even need, to know how to conservatively invest your retirement assets. At the most basic level, you need a mix of income, safety, liquidity and availability of funds. In addition, your priorities should be simplicity and predictability. So let's explore the best conservative investments for retirees.
First, you should consider whether you should work with a financial adviser. And you should always do your own research to make sure you're making suitable investment choices based on your own needs and goals.
Also, as you get older, you should take stock of what is and what isn't working and potentially narrow your investment choices over time so simplicity and liquidity are the highest priorities.
Meanwhile, a portfolio built from the best conservative investments for retirees should suit you across your time horizon.
Broadly speaking, the best conservative investments for retirees tend to be a mix of mutual funds, preferably index funds, that invest in the stock and bond markets, as well as liquid money market funds (i.e., those that pay interest).
How to choose the best conservative retirement investments
Warren Buffett famously said that retirees should invest the majority of their assets in low-cost ETFs (exchange-traded funds) that mimic the S&P 500. Arguably the best investor who ever lived advises you to use an indexing strategy that mirrors the performance of the 503 stocks included in the index.
Indeed, Buffett has said that up to 90% of investors' assets should be in these cheap ETFs. In his 2013 letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders, he wrote that the "long-term results from this policy will be superior to those attained by most investors – whether pension funds, institutions or individuals – who employ high-fee managers."
Others believe that a more appropriate mix is 70% in stock market index funds. The remainder should be in a mix of bond funds, certificates of deposit (CDs) and money market funds. That could mean 20% in bond funds and 10% in CDs and money market funds.
Here are some of the benefits to these types of conservative retirement investments:
Stock market index ETFs have low fees and also pay out all the dividends they collect from the underlying equities. There is no capital gains tax incurred until shares are sold.
Right now, the S&P 500 has a dividend yield of 1.1%. Moreover, the S&P 500's 12-month total return (price change plus dividends) is 15%.
Additionally, investments in stock index funds have played out well over time. For example, the S&P 500 has averaged an annual total return of 14% over the past 15 years. Not too shabby.
Bond funds typically offer investors a lower return than index funds, but more peace of mind. Granted, the bond market has seen its fair share of volatility in recent years, but as Kiplinger contributor Jeff Reeves writes in his feature on the best bond funds to buy, "If you're at or near retirement and your biggest concerns are capital preservation and income, you simply cannot overlook bonds."
Investors can also gain exposure to the fixed-income market through bond ETFs, as well, which tend to have lower expense ratios than their mutual fund counterparts.
Keep in mind that bond funds fluctuate in price, just as stock funds do. Many investors don't realize, for example, that if interest rates rise over time, bond prices can decline. However, because of the inverse relationship with bond prices and yields, falling prices result in higher yields.
On the other hand, if the general level of rates begins to decline, principal amounts will rise but investors could be left with lower monthly interest payments.
Certificates of deposit (CDs) are another way to safely grow your money in retirement, although one drawback includes having to tie up your money for the length of the certificate. Still, many CDs currently have yields that range well over 4%. The best CD rates right now range between 4% and 4.35%.
Similarly, high interest is available from a mix of money market mutual funds. According to Crane Data, the 100 largest taxable money market funds tracked by the investment services firm currently boast an average yield of 3.50%.
The bottom line
The bottom line is that folks looking for the best conservative retirement investments will generally make steady returns in index funds that cover the stock and bond markets.
The theory here is simple: As funds are drawn down for retirees' liquidity needs, the growth from being invested in the stock market and to some extent bond funds, can help counteract these drawdowns.
In addition, by keeping a portion of investments in semi-liquid and stable CDs and liquid money market funds, both which pay interest, retirees can meet their monthly and daily funding needs. Over time, the portion in liquid funds should grow for most retirees.
