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The Conversation
Politics
Archon Fung, Professor of Citizenship and Self-Government, Harvard Kennedy School

Arrest student protesters, wait or negotiate? Colleges can use ‘ladder of harm’ to determine appropriate response to Gaza protests on campus

Summer’s arrival ended for now the anti-war protests that rocked college campuses across the U.S. during the spring 2024 semester. Israel’s assault on Gaza, however, grinds on, and student protests may erupt again in the fall, especially as the presidential election heightens political tensions.

Once again, university presidents across the U.S. may be forced to make difficult and controversial decisions: Should they tolerate youthful civil disobedience, quash dissent or seek peaceful resolutions?

My research on civil disobedience, deliberation and democracy offers a way to parse this important question.

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