Five years after Catalonia's attempt to uncouple itself from Spain sent shockwaves across Europe, the independence movement is grappling with internal divisions, dwindling public support and the economic fallout from a corporate exodus.
Catalonia has lost its status to Madrid as Spain's No 1 economic powerhouse after thousands of companies moved their legal headquarters out of the region, fearing the 2017 secession drive would leave Catalonia outside the European Union and its protections.
