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Science
Shane Cronin, Professor of Earth Sciences, University of Auckland

A year on, we know why the Tongan eruption was so violent. It's a wake-up call to watch other submarine volcanoes

Tonga Hunga University of Auckland
Sung-Hyun Park/Korea Polar Research Institute

The Kingdom of Tonga exploded into global news on January 15 last year with one of the most spectacular and violent volcanic eruptions ever seen.

Remarkably, it was caused by a volcano that lies under hundreds of metres of seawater. The event shocked the public and volcano scientists alike.

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