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James Patrick Rule, Research Affiliate, Monash University

19-million-year-old fossil jaw bone hints the biggest whales first evolved somewhere unexpected

The baleen whale fossil at Museums Victoria Research Institute. Eugene Hyland, Museums Victoria

Baleen whales are the titans of the ocean, the largest animals to have ever lived. The record holder is the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), which can reach lengths of up to 30 metres. That’s longer than a basketball court.

However, throughout their evolutionary history, most baleen whales were relatively much smaller, around five metres in length. While still big compared to most animals, for a baleen whale that’s quite small.

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