Medicare covers the bulk of your health care expenses after you turn 65. But Medicare's rules can be confusing and mistakes are costly. If you don't make the right choices to fill in the gaps, you could end up with high premiums and big out-of-pocket costs. Worse, if you miss key deadlines when signing up for Medicare, you could have a gap in coverage, miss out on valuable tax breaks, or get stuck with a penalty for the rest of your life.
Here are 11 common Medicare mistakes you should avoid making:
Open enrollment for Medicare Part D and Medicare Advantage plans runs from October 15 to December 7 every year, and it's a good time to review all of your options. If you've been prescribed new medications or your drugs have gone generic over the past year, a different plan may now be a better deal for you.
The cost and coverage can vary a lot from year to year — some plans boost premiums more than others, increase your share of the cost of your drugs, add new hurdles before covering your medications, or require you to go to certain pharmacies to get the best rates.
It's easy to compare all of the plans available in your area during open enrollment. Go to the Medicare Plan Finder and type in your drugs and dosages to see how much you'd pay for premiums plus co-payments for plans in your area.
There are no spousal discounts for Medicare Part D prescription drug plans, and most spouses don't take the same medications. One plan may have much better coverage for your drugs while another may be better for your spouse's needs.
You can look up your drugs and dosages using the Medicare Plan Finder to estimate out-of-pocket costs for each of you under the plans in your area. Just be careful if you and your spouse sign up for plans with different preferred pharmacies — some plans only give you the best rates if you use certain pharmacies, so you could end up paying a lot more if you get your drugs somewhere else.
If you choose to get your coverage through a private Medicare Advantage plan, you usually need to use the plan's network of doctors and hospitals to get the lowest co-payments (and some plans won't cover out-of-network providers at all, except in an emergency). As with any PPO or HMO, it's important to make sure your doctors, hospitals and other providers are covered in your plan from year to year.
You can switch Medicare Advantage plans each year between January 1st through March 31st each year, during the Medicare Advantage open enrollment period. (this is in addition to the open enrollment period that runs from October 15th to December 7th) and you can compare out-of-pocket costs for your medications and general health condition under the plans available in your area by using the Medicare Plan Finder. After you've narrowed the list to a few plans, contact both the insurer and your doctor to make sure they'll be included in the network for the coming plan year.
You can switch Medicare Advantage plans during open enrollment each year from October 15 to December 7. An additional Medicare Advantage open enrollment Period is held every year from January 1 to March 31. During this period you can switch to another Medicare Advantage Plan or drop your Medicare Advantage Plan and return to Original Medicare. You’ll also be able to join a separate Medicare Part D drug plan if you return to Original Medicare,
You can also switch plans outside of open enrollment if you have certain life changes, such as moving to an address that isn't in your plan's service area (see Special Enrollment Periods for more information). And if you have a Medicare Advantage plan in your area with a five-star quality rating, you can switch into that plan anytime during the year (you can use the Medicare Plan Finder to see whether a five-star plan is available in your area).
If you buy a Medicare supplement plan within six months of enrolling in Medicare Part B, you can get any plan in your area even if you have a preexisting medical condition. But if you try to switch plans after that, insurers in most states can reject you or charge more because of your health. It's important to pick your plan carefully.
Some states let you switch into certain plans regardless of your health, and some insurers let you switch to another one of their plans without a new medical exam. Find out about your state's rules and the plans available at your state insurance department Web site. You can also find more information about medigap policies in your area at Medicare.gov.
If you're already receiving Social Security benefits, you'll automatically be enrolled in Medicare Part A and Part B when you turn 65 (although you can turn down Part B coverage and sign up for it later). But if you aren't receiving Social Security benefits, you'll need to take action to sign up for Medicare.
If you're at least 64 years and 9 months old, you can sign up online. You have a seven-month window to sign up — from three months before your 65th birthday month to three months afterward (you can enroll in Social Security later).
You may want to delay signing up for Part B if you or your spouse has coverage through your current employer. Most people sign up for Part A at 65, though, since it's usually free—although you may want to delay signing up if you plan to continue contributing to a health savings account.
Beginning in 2025, people with Part D plans won’t have to pay more than $2,000 in out-of-pocket costs. This change to Medicare prescription drug coverage may cause problems for if delay enrolling in Medicare because they are covered by employer health insurance. See Medicare Upgrades Could Disqualify Your Private Plan to find out more about how this new $2,000 cap will impact the credibility of your employer-provided prescription drug coverage
See the Social Security Administration's Applying for Medicare Only for more information. If you work for an employer with fewer than 20 employees, you must sign up for Part A and usually need to sign up for Part B, which will become your primary insurance (ask your employer whether you can delaying signing up for Part B).
When you turn 65, Medicare is generally considered to be your primary insurance, and any other coverage you have is secondary, unless you or your spouse has insurance through a current employer with 20 or more employees. But the coverage must be with a current employer. Other employer-related coverage, such as retiree coverage, COBRA coverage, or severance benefits, isn't considered to be primary coverage after you turn 65.
That means if you don't sign up for Medicare, you may have gaps in coverage and be subject to a lifetime late-enrollment penalty of 10% of the current Part B premium for every year you should have been enrolled in Part B but were not.
You may also have to wait to get coverage: If you miss the window for enrolling when you turn 65 or eight months after you leave your job, you can only sign up for Medicare between January and March each year, with coverage starting on July 1. For more information, see the Medicare Rights Center's Medicare Interactive page about the rules for job-based insurance after age 65.
If you have coverage through an employer with 20 or more employees, you don't have to sign up for Medicare at 65. Instead, you may choose to keep coverage through your employer so you don't have to pay the Part B premiums.
But you need to sign up within eight months after you leave your job or you may have to wait until the next enrollment period (January through March, for coverage to begin on July 1). That means you could go for several months without coverage. You may also get hit with the 10% lifetime late-enrollment penalty.
Most people pay the standard premium for Medicare Part B. For 2025, that is $185.00 per month. But if you're a high-income earner, you will pay the income related monthly adjustment amount (IRMAA) for Part B.
For 2025 , those who were single with an adjusted gross income from 2023 of more than $106,000 (or more than $212,000 for joint filers) will pay an additional monthly surcharge. This surcharge ranges from $74.00 to $443.90, in 2025.
And you'll have to pay a high-income surcharge for your Part D prescription drug coverage, too, which can boost your premiums by $13.70 to $85.50 per month in 2026.
If you're near the income cutoff, be careful about financial moves that could increase your adjusted gross income and make you subject to the surcharge, such as rolling over a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA or making big withdrawals from tax-deferred retirement accounts. To stay below the limits, you may want to spread your Roth conversions over several years or withdraw money from a Roth IRA rather than just from tax-deferred accounts.
Your Part B and Part D premiums will be higher if your income is over a certain threshold. The Social Security Administration uses your most recent tax return on file (which should be 2023 for 2025 premiums) to determine whether you're subject to the surcharge. For 2025, single filers with an adjusted gross income of more than $106,000 ($212,000 for joint filers) in 2023 will pay more than the standard premiums.
But you may be able to get the surcharge reduced on appeal if your income has dropped since then because of certain life-changing events, such as marriage, divorce, death of a spouse, retirement, or a reduction in work hours. In that case, you can ask Social Security to use your more recent income instead (you'll need to provide evidence of the life-changing event, such as a signed statement from your employer that you retired).
See the Social Security Administration's Medicare Premiums: Rules for Higher-Income Beneficiaries for more information.
You can't contribute to a health savings account after you sign up for Medicare, but that doesn't necessarily mean that you have to stop making HSA contributions at age 65.
If you or your spouse has health insurance through your current job, you can delay signing up for Part A and Part B and keep contributing to an HSA. This isn't an option if you have already signed up for Social Security or your employer has fewer than 20 employees — in that case, you can't delay signing up for Part A.
Be careful about your contributions in the year you leave your job and sign up for Medicare — you must prorate your HSA contributions based on the number of months before you were covered by Medicare.
And don't forget that after you turn 65, you can use HSA money tax-free to pay premiums for Medicare parts B and D and Medicare Advantage plans (but not premiums for Medicare supplement policies), in addition to paying for other out-of-pocket medical expenses.
